In four pages the workings of binoculars are examined in a consideration of their 3 parts along with concepts of refraction, reflections, and prisms. Three sources are cited in the bibliography.
Name of Research Paper File: MM12_PGbnoc.rtf
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for the image that is produced in regular telescopes used in astronomy. They actually produce an image that is backwards and upside down but this is not important when looking
at the stars. It is important when looking at faraway objects, however. Today, even the best telescopes have a set of prisms to make the image appear in its correct
orientation. There are three parts in a pair of binoculars: an objective lens, a set of prisms and an eyepiece: 1. The objective lens, sometimes referred to as the front
lens, gathers the light and gives an upside down and backward image of the object (Birdwatching.com, nd; Texas Parks and Wildlife, nd). 2. A set of prisms that turn the
image to the correct orientation, i.e., right side up and horizontally correct. A prism is a solid piece of glass that works like a mirror but it does not have
the reflective backing of a mirror (Birdwatching.com, nd; Texas Parks and Wildlife, nd). If light rays enter a prism at too much of an angle, they cannot get out and
they reflect back like a mirror (Birdwatching.com, nd). Porro designed a telescope in the mid-1800s that had two prisms, set at right angles to each other (Birdwatching.com, nd). This allowed
the person to see the image to be seen in its correct orientation. This arrangement was then used in binoculars (Birdwatching.com, nd). 3. The eyepiece then magnifies the image, the
eyepiece is sometimes referred to as the rear lens (Birdwatching.com, nd; Texas Parks and Wildlife, nd). How well the binoculars will work in low or dim light conditions depends on
the exit pupils. If one holds the binoculars away from the eye and up to the light, you can see beams of light coming through the eyepiece - these are